Committee report (Practice Article1) : Online Interprofessional Education / 医学教育

It is difficult to implement interprofessional education (IPE) in the classroom due to COVID-19. To share our knowledge of online IPE, we report on how we provided IPE for first-year students at two universities. At Mie University, a class was implemented to use Zoom. Quizzes and chats promoted interactions between instructors and students. At Hokkaido University of Science, an online team medical experience game was conducted via Zoom and a Learning Management System (LMS). The activity promoted interaction between students through gameplay and clear instructions. In both cases, students could successfully develop online IPE based on existing learning methods. Through their experience, it was clear that students are able to understand other professionals’ roles. They were also to commit to membership and/or teamship. On the other hand, students faced challenges with faculty familiarity and time allocation.

Working Group Report (Practice article 2) : Online Interprofessional Education Stepwise Interprofessional Education through Inter-University Collaboration at the University of Tsukuba (2) / 医学教育

@#In the second part of the second report, we introduce the Care Colloquium, an inter-university collaborative educational program between the University of Tsukuba and the Tokyo University of Science. The Care Colloquium is an interprofessional education program that uses PBL (Problem-based learning). In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this program was implemented online using Microsoft Teams, with advance preparation including manual maintenance and communication testing. The same learning outcomes were achieved as the face-to-face implementation. Undergraduate interprofessional education tends to be a large-scale program, and the shortage of faculty and classrooms is challenging, but online education could overcome these obstacles. The development of hybrid programs that use the merits of both face-to-face and online education may lead to the promotion of interprofessional education in the future.

Working Group Report (Practice article 2) : Online Interprofessional Education Stepwise Interprofessional Education through Inter-University Collaboration at the University of Tsukuba (1) / 医学教育

For this second report, we divided the efforts of the University of Tsukuba into two parts. In the first part, we introduced the Interprofessional program, an inter-university collaborative educational program between the University of Tsukuba and Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, this program was conducted using TBL (Team-based learning) in a large conference room. After the pandemic, this was conducted online (using Zoom). The main changes due to the online implementation were the following five points; (1) online faculty meetings, (2) advance distribution of materials, (3) testing using Google Forms, (4) group work using the breakout function, and (5) simultaneous editing using Google Docs. In the future, we would like to examine the possibility of new educational methods while creating innovations that are possible only through online interprofessional educational programs.

Collaboration Between Nonmedical Academic Societies and the Japan Society for Medical Education / 医学教育

At first, we reviewed interprofessional education in our country and introduced the conventional efforts being made by the Japan Society for Medical Education (JSME). Next, we listed academic societies of other medical and welfare occupations on medical and welfare engaged in education and explored collaboration with JSME. I introduced my own experience with Japanese Association of Medical Technology Education and discussed the possibility of developing cooperation among academic societies from my personal connections.　As a concept after ten years, we thought about measures to allow members from each organization to participate in the academic meetings of JSME and other societies at low cost. In addition, we set up "the Interprofessional Education Committee on Medical and Welfare" at JSME and mentioned the collaboration with the Japan Association for Interprofessional Education and the necessity to build a foundation for interprofessional education.

A joint survey of medical students' self-assessment of competency after clinical clerkship and learning strategies among 9 universities in Japan / 医学教育

<p>Abstract:</p><p></p><p> This study examined the ability of medical students to self-assess basic clinical competence and learning strategies including simulation-based medical education for sixth-year medical students (n=903) at nine universities in Japan. About 40% of 27 procedures to achieve clinical skills in a model curriculum were taught using simulators with or without clinical training in hospitals. We noted that significant numbers of procedures were not practiced through any learning strategies. Higher self-assessment scores were observed among students in 4 schools who had more frequent learning opportunities through simulation-based education than among those with less frequent opportunities in 5 schools.</p>

4. Investigation of educational achievements of medical department faculties and healthcare providers using a rating form to evaluate medical education performance / 医学教育

<p>Introduction: Compared with faculties in clinical and medical research departments, those in medical departments are not appropriately evaluated in terms of their contributions to or achievements in medical education. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the contributions of medical department faculties to medical education, and to examine differences in contributions according to duty positions and specialties.</p><p>Methods: Five-grade self-assessments in relation to 20 items on a rating form for performance in medical education, which was developed by the Japan Society for Medical Education's Committee for Performance Evaluation, were carried out by medical department faculties in Japanese universities. The data were then totalized and analyzed.</p><p>Results and Discussion: Although faculties belonging to departments other than medical education units did not actively participate in examinations or the education system, they still made contributions to lectures and practice. In addition, faculties with positions with more duties tended to show greater participation in the education system.</p><p></p><p>Conclusion: Based on these findings, we recommend the use of a rating form as a standard scale to evaluate performance in medical education.</p>

Construction of Yanegawara-style skills training in our clinical skills laboratory for new residents / 医学教育

1）To learn the techniques required immediately after the start of clinical practice, new residents were introduced to the skills laboratory during their orientation period.<br>2）We attempted to establish the Yanegawara style, which is an overlapping teaching style in which the second–year residents plan the entire training schedule and simultaneously teach the first–year residents while being supported in their teaching by more senior physicians.<br>3）Training with the new system resulted in greater rapport among all residents as well as a greater feeling of security among first–year residents.

Establishment of "Fujita–style" problem–based learning with an emphasis on the use of a monitoring room to support tutors / 医学教育

1)We reproduced a problem–based learning (PBL) tutorial at our school and developed our own PBL tutorial, which we call "Fujita–style PBL." This is a clinical problem-solving type of PBL, in which both a monitoring room and small–group learning rooms are used.<br>2)To maintain the present number of PBL lessons despite the limited number of tutors, one tutor supervises several groups simultaneously. Coordinators observe the progress of PBL from a monitoring room and support the tutors.<br>3)Students learn the given scenario and identify their learning issues. After they study the learning issues by themselves, the students return to tutorials to explain their learning issues. Thereafter, each group's findings are presented to the groups supervised by one tutor.

Surveys to assess the attitudes of medical students about learning / 医学教育

In the present study, surveys regarding the philosophy of learning were administered just after the entrance ceremony to all students entering the Fujita Health University School of Medicine in 2005 and then, once more, to the same students during the last term of the fourth year, so that the data could be subsequently analyzed. The 87 fourth-year students who completed the surveys were divided into 3 groups(top, middle, and bottom thirds)on the basis of their examination scores in the previous years. <br>1) Results of the fourth-year survey suggested that students in the middle or bottom third did not develop a "learning-centered campus lifestyle" during their 4 years of medical studies, although the first-year survey indicated that most students in all 3 thirds had desired such a lifestyle.<br>2) The image of a physician had changed somewhat for students in middle or bottom third but not for students in the top third.<br>3) Attendance rates in all years of medical study were lower for students in the bottom third than for students in the middle or top third. Moreover, the motivation to study and attend lectures showed a downward trend over time for students in the bottom third.

What factors affect examination results after admission?: Research at the Fujita Health University School of Medicine / 医学教育

At the Fujita Health University School of Medicine, about 30% of medical students are admitted on the basis of recommendations.To evaluate the performance of these students after admission, a placement test was given to all new students just after the entrance ceremony to examine basic academic abilities.The scores were compared with the number of absences from lectures and with examination results for the first and second years.<BR>1) The 398 students admitted from 2002 through 2005 were classified into three populations: 126 recommended students, 137 students who scored in the top half on the entrance examination, and 135 students who scored in the bottom half.<BR>2) Scores on the placement test were highest for the top-half students, intermediate for the bottom-half students, and lowest for the recommended students.Scores on examinations in the first and second years were highest for the top-half students, intermediate for the recommended students, and lowest for the bottom-half students.<BR>3) The average number of absences from lectures in the first and second years tended to be lower for recommended students than for the top-half or bottom-half students.<BR>4) The examination scores in the second year were correlated with scores in the first year, and the average number of absences in the second year correlated with those in the first year.<BR>5) These results indicate that the motivation of students in each classification to study in the 1st year is, in addition to their basic academic abilities obtained in high school, an important factor affecting their performance in the second year and beyond.